Leading Beyond Tenure: Extending the Police Leadership Commission through a Custodial Model of Strategic Police Leadership

Authors

  • Tony Blockley Leeds trinity University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70386/ijcpe.v1i1.55

Keywords:

Police leadership, stewardship theory, chief officers, institutional capability, police governance

Abstract

The report of the Police Leadership Commission, published in July 2026, is the most comprehensive examination of police leadership in England and Wales in a generation. Its recommendations propose far-reaching reform of how police leaders are attracted, developed, promoted and supported. This paper welcomes those reforms but identifies a conceptual gap beneath them. The Commission assigns stewardship of the future almost entirely to the system, through a proposed national academy, pipelines and talent schemes, whilst the individual chief officer's accountability for the condition of the institution they hand on remains untheorised and unmeasured. Adapting stewardship theory to the distinctive governance conditions of policing, the paper argues that the accountability environment surrounding chief officers systematically converts would-be stewards into performance agents. It develops a Custodial Strategic Leadership Framework and four formal propositions specifying when chief officer attention will shift from capability building to performance signalling, and the conditions under which custodial leadership becomes possible. The paper then applies the framework to the Commission's recommendations, proposes how leadership legacy could be assessed alongside conventional performance measures, and sets out a research agenda.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Antia, M., Pantzalis, C. and Park, J. C. (2010) CEO decision horizon and firm performance. An empirical investigation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 16(3), pp. 288-301. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.01.005 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Bass, B. M. (1985) Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, Free Press.

Bevan, G. and Hood, C. (2006) What's measured is what matters. Targets and gaming in the English public health care system. Public Administration, 84(3), pp. 517-538.

Block, P. (1993) Stewardship. Choosing Service over Self-Interest. San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler.

Burns, J. M. (1978) Leadership. New York, Harper and Row.

Caless, B. (2011) Policing at the Top. The Roles, Values and Attitudes of Chief Police Officers. Bristol, Policy Press.

Casey, L. (2023) An Independent Review into the Standards of Behaviour and Internal Culture of the Metropolitan Police Service. Final Report. London, Metropolitan Police Service. Available at https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/about-us/about-the-met/bcr/baroness-casey-review/ (accessed 3 August 2026).

Coelho de Moura, R., Borges, A., Morgado, S. and Ramalho, N. (2023) Police leadership 2.0. A comprehensive systematic review of the literature. Policing. A Journal of Policy and Practice, 17, paac068. Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac068 (accessed 3 August 2026).

College of Policing (2015) Leadership Review. Coventry, College of Policing.

Davis, C. and Rowe, M. (2026) Rethinking police reform in turbulent times. The British Journal of Criminology, azag043. Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azag043 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D. and Donaldson, L. (1997) Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp. 20-47.

Dobby, J., Anscombe, J. and Tuffin, R. (2004) Police Leadership. Expectations and Impact. Home Office Online Report 20/04. London, Home Office.

Donaldson, L. and Davis, J. H. (1991) Stewardship theory or agency theory. CEO governance and shareholder returns. Australian Journal of Management, 16(1), pp. 49-64.

Grint, K. (2005) Problems, problems, problems. The social construction of leadership. Human Relations, 58(11), pp. 1467-1494.

Hambrick, D. C. and Mason, P. A. (1984) Upper echelons. The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), pp. 193-206.

Hernandez, M. (2012) Toward an understanding of the psychology of stewardship. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), pp. 172-193.

Herrington, V. and Colvin, A. (2016) Police leadership for complex times. Policing. A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(1), pp. 7-16.

HMICFRS (2024) Force Management Statement. Template and Guidance. London, HMICFRS. Available at https://hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/publications/force-management-statement-template-and-guidance-2022/ (accessed 3 August 2026).

HMICFRS (2025) State of Policing. The Annual Assessment of Policing in England and Wales 2024-25. London, HMICFRS. Available at https://hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/publication-html/state-of-policing-the-annual-assessment-of-policing-in-england-and-wales-2024-25/ (accessed 3 August 2026).

HMICFRS and HMICS (2019) Leading Lights. An Inspection of the Police Service's Arrangements for the Selection and Development of Chief Officers. London, HMICFRS.

Jaakkola, E. (2020) Designing conceptual articles. Four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1-2), pp. 18-26. Available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Jacobs, A. M. (2011) Governing for the Long Term. Democracy and the Politics of Investment. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Jensen, M. C. and Meckling, W. H. (1976) Theory of the firm. Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp. 305-360.

Kotter, J. P. (1990) A Force for Change. How Leadership Differs from Management. New York, Free Press.

Lee, J. M., Park, J. C. and Folta, T. B. (2018) CEO career horizon, corporate governance, and real options. The role of economic short-termism. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), pp. 2703-2725. Available at https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2929 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Lister, S. (2013) The new politics of the police. Police and Crime Commissioners and the operational independence of the police. Policing. A Journal of Policy and Practice, 7(3), pp. 239-247.

Matta, E. and Beamish, P. W. (2008) The accentuated CEO career horizon problem. Evidence from international acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 29(7), pp. 683-700. Available at https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.680 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Muller, J. Z. (2018) The Tyranny of Metrics. Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Neyroud, P. (2011) Review of Police Leadership and Training. London, Home Office. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-leadership-and-training-report-review (accessed 3 August 2026).

Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T. and Dirks, K. T. (2001) Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), pp. 298-310.

Police Federation of England and Wales (2026) Police Federation calls leadership review a watershed moment for policing. 7 July. Available at https://polfed.org/news/latest-news/2026/police-federation-calls-leadership-review-a-watershed-moment-for-policing/ (accessed 9 July 2026).

Police Foundation (2022) A New Mode of Protection. Redesigning Policing and Public Safety for the 21st Century. The Final Report of the Strategic Review of Policing in England and Wales. London, Police Foundation. Available at https://www.police-foundation.org.uk/publication/a-new-mode-of-protection-redesigning-policing-and-public-safety-for-the-21st-century-2/ (accessed 3 August 2026).

Police Leadership Commission (2026) Professionalism and Performance. Police Leadership for the Future. Coventry, College of Policing. Available at https://www.college.police.uk/police-leadership-commission/police-leadership-commission-report (accessed 3 August 2026).

Reiner, R. (1991) Chief Constables. Bosses, Bobbies or Bureaucrats? Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Roberts, J. and Hartley, J. (2025) Police leadership at the political interface. A systematic literature review. Public Management Review, 27, pp. 1696-1718. Available at https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2025.2507945 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Rowe, M., Davis, C. and Ramshaw, P. (2025) Managing impressions. Performance and identity in police leadership in the pandemic. Policing and Society, 35(3), pp. 345-360. Available at https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2024.2407397 (accessed 3 August 2026).

Selznick, P. (1957) Leadership in Administration. A Sociological Interpretation. New York, Harper and Row.

Senge, P. M. (1990) The Fifth Discipline. The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York, Doubleday.

Sherman, L. W. (1998) Evidence-Based Policing. Ideas in American Policing. Washington DC, Police Foundation.

Silvestri, M. (2003) Women in Charge. Policing, Gender and Leadership. Cullompton, Willan.

Downloads

Published

30-10-2026

How to Cite

Blockley, T. (2026). Leading Beyond Tenure: Extending the Police Leadership Commission through a Custodial Model of Strategic Police Leadership. International Journal of Criminology and Policing Education, 1. https://doi.org/10.70386/ijcpe.v1i1.55

Issue

Section

Articles